Multicolor LED sources for lighting: technology and applications

When we think of LED lighting, energy efficiency and durability are often the first things that come to mind. However, one of its most fascinating strengths lies in its versatility. In this article, we explore multicolor LED sources and their ability to produce a wide range of color tones, examining their numerous applications in fields such as live events, architectural lighting, advertising signage, and home automation.

RGB and RGBW LED sources operate by combining different LED chips that emit light in the primary RGB (Red, Green, Blue) or RGBW (Red, Green, Blue, White) colors. A wide range of tones can be achieved through additive color mixing of these primary colors.

RGB LED chips are controlled by an integrated circuit (IC). By adjusting the brightness of each chip, it's possible to produce millions of different colors, including white light synthesized from the RGB combination (see image to the right).

The main difference between an RGB LED and an RGBW LED is the addition of a dedicated white LED chip, which allows for a purer and brighter white light compared to that produced by combining the three RGB colors. Beyond RGBW, there are also expanded variants that incorporate additional colors to provide greater flexibility and improved performance, or multiple white tones (warm and cool) for more precise color temperature control.

Adjusting color temperature and chromatic gradation using monochromatic LEDs is a key aspect of modern lighting. These LEDs can be combined to create specific color effects (such as warm white + cool white, red, orange, and yellow for a warmer lighting feel).

A crucial factor in managing multicolor LED sources is precise lighting control. Systems like DMX512, Art-Net, and wireless app control enable customization of every lighting effect, ensuring seamless color transitions and perfect synchronization. Some advanced systems, such as Twinkly Pro, which we’ll discuss shortly, allow for remote control and scene synchronization, enabling interactive scenic effects that respond to music and motion.

With this in mind, it’s worth exploring how these technologies are used in professional-grade lighting products. From event and stage lighting to architectural and commercial applications and even residential use LED technology provides flexible, high-impact solutions. Let’s take a closer look at some products distributed by Audio Effetti that make the most of these technologies.

The first and arguably most significant sector where multicolor LED sources shine is show business. Scenic lighting plays a fundamental role in creating engaging effects, and is key to the success of any event or performance.

A moving head with an RGBW LED source, such as the Evolite Diamond 19x40z, or a Fresnel-style spotlight like the Briteq BT-THEATRE 261FC, are prime examples of this product category.
Equipped with 19 x 40 W Osram RGBW 4-in-1 LEDs, the Evolite Diamond 19x40z delivers a vast color spectrum and striking visual effects an ideal tool for entertainment lighting professionals.

The second fixture, designed primarily for theatrical use, features a 200 W RGBALC 6-color LED engine (red, green, blue, amber, lime, cyan), offering a wide and rich color range.

Another major application is architectural lighting, used to enhance building facades and structural elements in public spaces and places of worship. This includes RGBW LED bars, outdoor LED projectors, and non-conventional lighting systems used primarily for decorative purposes.

Take for instance the Briteq LDP-COLORBAR 24FC, an IP-rated RGBW LED bar designed for cyclorama lighting and wall-washing applications. It features 24 x 4 W RGBW LEDs divided into 4 individually controllable sections, operable via DMX with modes ranging from 3 to 20 channels.

Among the most impressive outdoor architectural LED fixtures is the Contest VPAR-RGBL series, with the VPAR-150RGBL standing out as the top-of-the-line model. Thanks to the inclusion of Lime LEDs alongside red, green, and blue, these fixtures can generate an extensive color palette to create unique, customizable atmospheres suited to any architectural style. The Lime component addresses one of RGB’s common weaknesses: its limited yellow range. Lime helps bridge this gap, producing unmatched amber and red tones.

We mentioned Twinkly Pro, a sophisticated RGB LED lighting system designed for both architectural and scenic installations. This innovative solution features addressable LEDs controlled via app and dedicated software, enabling dynamic and highly customizable effects. Its cutting-edge technology allows each LED to be individually mapped using a smartphone camera, allowing for unique configurations and synchronization with music.

Twinkly Pro is perfect for live events and decorative lighting, but also for performances, such as the Lightwall—a smart backdrop with 1,120 individually addressable RGB LEDs, IP44-rated for indoor and outdoor use, and equipped with advanced app control.

Naturally, no discussion of multicolor LED solutions would be complete without mentioning LED strips. These flexible lighting sources offer high customization and are available in various types. RGBW strips include warm white, while dynamic white RGB strips allow for tunable white light, adjustable from warm to cool. With high IP ratings, some strips can even be used outdoors or submerged. For instance, IP68 classification ensures permanent water resistance, enabling spectacular effects and immersive atmospheres.

A good example is the Contest SMARTTAPE6065, a 5-meter flexible RGB LED strip rated IP65. It uses 60 RGB LEDs per meter and operates at 5 VDC, making it ideal for bars, restaurants, clubs, homes, arcades, and a wide range of architectural decorations.

Finally, there’s the residential sector, where LED projectors—often referred to as “light effects” or “lighting effects**”—create colorful and vivid atmospheres perfect for private parties, small clubs, or DJ sets.

These devices often combine RGB LEDs with other lighting effects such as lasers or strobes. A prime example is the BoomTone STARLIGHT-LZR, which incorporates multiple RGB LEDs to create multicolor beams and an additional set of LEDs for special effects (e.g., strobe).

Want to know more?

Email us at international@audioeffetti.it